乡村集体企业的兴衰及“改制”的社会学剖析

乡村集体企业既是中国农民继家庭联产承包责任制之后的又一创举,从某种意义上说也是面对难以突破的城乡二元结构所采取的"无奈"之举。城市改革、国有企业的改革以及大量外资的引入、私营个体经济的高速发展,尤其是买方市场的普遍确立,都直接导致了数以万计的乡村集体企业陷入前所未有的危机。乡村集体企业从整体上的"改制"标志着人民公社体制的最终退出。不能将"超级村庄"作为乡村发展的高级阶段来理解,城乡一体化、城乡协调发展才是实现中国农村现代化的必由之路。

Rise and Fall of Rural Collective Enterprises and a Sociological Analysis of the "Restructuring"

Rural collective enterprises are another achievement of Chinese farmers after the contract responsibility system based on the household with remuneration linked to output and a helpless result as well when confronted with an unbreakable dia-dactic structure. Unprecedented crises for millions of rural collective enterprises have resulted from reforms of cities and state-owned enterprises, coming of a lot of foreign capital, the rapid development of private and individual economy and especially the general establishment of buyer's markets. " Restructuring" of rural collective enterprises shows the final withdrawal of People's Commune. The "super villages" can't be regarded as the superior development stage of rural places. Integrity and the coordinated development of urban and rural places are necessary for realizing Chinese rural modernization.