解释印尼的族群动员方式:理论与评析

印尼民主化和地方分权的制度变革催生了大量的族群动员现象,也提供了多种动员方式的选项。族群使用何种方式进行政治动员是一个重要但较少被关注的理论问题。本文提出印尼改革时期的族群动员方式出现4种形态,接着从文化主义视角、反应性族群视角、族群竞争视角、政治过程4个理论路径梳理了对印尼族群动员方式的研究成果,指出以上理论路径都不足以单独解释印尼族群动员的方式选择问题。目前的研究成果有以下4方面缺陷:聚焦族群动员方式的研究成果少;4种理论路径存在内生缺陷,"目的-行动"逻辑与印尼现实情况脱节;案例比较意识淡薄,缺乏机制提炼和变量转化的努力;实证研究有普遍的案例选择偏差问题。本文提出未来对印尼族群动员方式的研究方向将是基于制度条件变量和地方情境变量的逻辑框架。

Explaining the Method of Ethnic Mobilization in Indonesia: Theory and Review

Democratization and regional autonomy have resulted in a large number of ethnic mobilization phenomena, and also provided a variety of mobilization options. How ethnic groups use political mobilization is an important yet rarely discussed theoretical question. The choice of ethnic mobilization methods in Indonesia could be categorized into four types. There are four approaches of ethnic politics studies, namely the cultural perspective, the reactive ethnicity perspective, the ethnic competition and the political process perspective. It points out that the above theoretical paths are not enough to explain the choice of ethnic mobilization in Indonesia alone. Current research results have the following four shortcomings: 1) few studies have focused on the mobilization methods, 2) the four perspectives show gaps between theories and realities in Indonesia. The Objective-Action logic is not particularly pertinent to Indonesia, 3) the case studies fail to make sensible comparison, thus lack such effort to uncover mechanism and meaningful variables, 4) the empirical studies have a bias on the selection of cases. This paper proposes that future research will be based on the logical framework of institutional conditions and local context variables.