《孟子》荒政思想研究

古代中国自然灾害频发,抗灾救荒成为人们生活中的重要内容之一。《周礼》中出现荒政思想后,先秦诸子对荒政从不同方面加以阐述,文章针对《孟子》中的荒政思想进行论述。首先,《孟子》的"民贵君轻"思想和"仁政"思想是其荒政思想的理论基础;其次,《孟子》的积极预防荒政思想包括:制民之产、劝种备荒、精耕细作、不违农时、薄税赋、兴修水利和保护生态平衡。再次,《孟子》的消极救济荒政思想包括:确定救济主体、移民就粟和移粟就民、赈灾、蠲赋免役、节约、国与国之间的互助和民众互助。

Research on the Relief Thought of Disaster in Mencius

Make fighting against calamity to relieve the damages become important content in people＇ s life in ancient China because of the frequently natural disaster. The theory of disaster relief formed in ZhouLi, then Pre - Qin philosophers elaborated disaster relief from different aspects. This article is a research on the relief thought of disaster in Mencius. First, ＂People are more important than the monarch＂ and ＂people are the foundation of the country＂ are the theoretical foundation. Second, active prevention of disaster relief includes： providing of instruments of labor, store up grain against famine, intensive cultivation, do farm work in the right season, lower taxes, building water conservancy projects and the protection of ecological balance. Last, negative relief includes ： subject of disaster relief, opening store to relief, save, mutual assistance between countries and people, etc.