中国共产党与拉美共产党关系的曲折发展

1949年中华人民共和国成立,拉美各国人民特别是这些国家的进步力量和共产党受到极大鼓舞。20世纪50年代和60年代初,中共与拉美各国共产党的关系比较密切。到1960年,拉美22个共产党和工人党中,有18个党与中共建立和发展了友好关系。60年代初期,拉美共产党虽然与中共有分歧和争论,但仍与中共维持着正常往来。1965年至70年代后期,由于拉美大多数共产党在国际共运大论战中支持苏共立场,中共与拉美多数共产党的关系恶化和中断。与此同时,从拉美老共产党分裂出来的新党陆续与中共建立起党际关系。中国“文化大革命”结束和改革开放开始之后,大多数拉美共产党与中共恢复和发展关系,中共也调整了与拉美新党的关系。无论是与拉美老党还是与拉美新党的关系,中共都遵循中共十二大确立的“独立自主,完全平等,相互尊重,互不干涉内部事务”党际关系四项原则。此后,中共在党际关系方面,又突破了主要与共产党交往的传统,开始尝试与拉美民族民主等各类政党开展交往并取得重大突破,党际交往逐步由外延向内涵转变。

The Development of Relations Between the Communist Party of China and the Communist Parties of Latin America

The founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 greatly stimulated the peoples of Latin American countries,especially the progressive forces and communist parties of Latin America.During the 1950s and early 1960s,relations between the Communist Party of China(CPC)and the communist parties of Latin America were relatively close.By 1960,18 of the 22 communist or labor parties in Latin America had developed friendly relations with CPC.At the beginning of the 1960s,despite the differences and debates,the communist parties of this region kept normal exchanges with CPC.During 1965 and at the end of the 1970s,relations between CPC and regional communist parties had worsened and even suspended because most of the latter adopted the position of the Soviet Union in the great debate on the international communist movement.Meanwhile,the new communist parties in Latin America that emerged from the old ones gradually established their relations with CPC.With the beginning of the Reform and the Opening-up of China after the end of the Great Cultural Revolution of China,CPC reestablished its relations with the old communist parties of regional countries while readjusting its relations with the new ones.Since the third plenary session of the XI Central Committee of CPC,CPC has developed its relations with its counterparts in Latin America according to the four principles of“independence,full equality,mutual respect,and non-interference in each other’s internal affairs”.CPC also forsook the tradition of developing relations soly with foreign communist parties,instead,it began to develop its relations with parties of different ideologies,including the democratic and nationalist parties.Important progress has been made in this respect,which transformed partisan exchange between China and Latin America from extension to connotation.