知识产权许可限制反竞争审查的一般分析框架

在知识产权领域反垄断问题备受关注而法律规制制度尚处在探索之中的背景下,知识产权许可限制的反竞争审查,是目前世界各国知识产权垄断认定中面临的共同难题。我国2008年生效的《反垄断法》虽然规定知识产权许可中的排除、限制竞争行为"应受"该法规制,但同样未能提供"如何"规制的具体制度规则。以已有反垄断法的制度规则为基础,结合知识产权许可中的特殊问题,构建知识产权许可限制反竞争审查的一般分析框架,是有效解决实践中知识产权许可限制的案件纠纷,并及时推动知识产权许可限制反竞争审查走向合理与科学的重要途径。该框架由相互联系的三个方面组成:一是确立知识产权许可限制反竞争审查的"竞争损害"标准;二是界定知识产权许可限制涉及的产品市场、技术市场和创新市场;三是选择基于"区别对待"的分析工具和基于"利弊权衡"的四步检验法。

General Analytical Framework for the Permission of the Intellectual Property Rights to Limit Anti-competitive Censorship

Anti-trust issues concerning legal regulation system are still in the exploration in the field of intellec- tual property while anti-competitive censorship of intellectual property licensing restrictions is a coming chal- lenge facing the world intellectual property monopoly identified. Antitrust Law effected in 2008 in China provi- ding for the exclusion and the restriction of competition of the licensing of intellectual property rights shall be governed by the rule. But, it also failed to provide the specific systems of the rule. Based on existing anti-trust rules of the system, combined with the special problems in the licensing of intellectual property rights, building the general analytical framework of intellectual property license restricting and its anti-competitive censorship is an effective solution to intellectual property licensing restrictions in practice cases of disputes and promotion of licensing of intellectual property rights to limit anti-competitive censorship to the reasonable and scientific way. The framework consists of three interrelated components：first, establishing the ＂competitive harm＂ standards of the intellectual property rights to limit anti-competitive censorship examination;second, defining the product market, technical market and innovation market concerned with intellectual property license restrictions;third, choosing the analysis tools based on the ＂differential treatment＂ and four steps test methods of ＂benefit risk balance＂.