从农村包围城市到统筹城乡发展——中国共产党90年来处理城乡关系的历史考察

城乡关系是当代中国发展必须处理好的重大社会关系。90年来，中国共产党在处理城乡关系上历经包围、分治、统筹的过程，其有创新、有成就，也曾几度失误。创新之处大体包括：农村包围城市的革命道路、尊重农民的首创精神、土地制度改革、发展乡镇企业、兴办农村社会事业、缩小城乡差别、统筹城乡发展、取消农业税等等。失误之处大体包括：征过头粮、人民公社化、长期城乡分治、行政主导的过快城市化、社会建设滞后等。针对尚存的问题，应进一步加快转变发展方式，探索中国特色的城乡规划和建设道路，努力实现城乡和谐。

From Encircling Cities from Rural Areas to Coordinating Urban-rural Development—— Historical Study on CPC’s Handling Urban-rural Relations in the Past 90 Years

The urban-rural relation is a major social relation which has to be handled well during the development process of contemporary China. In the past 90 years, CPC experienced encircling, partitioning, coordinating while handling the urban-rural relations with innovation, achievement and even mistakes. During this period, there are some innovations including taking the path of revolution-- encircling cities from rural areas; respecting farmers＇ creative spirit, land system reform, development of township enterprises, establishment of rural social services, narrowing rural-urban differences, co-ordination urban and rural development and the abolition of agriculture tax. On the other hand, there are also some mistakes including grain levy too far, people ＂s communes, long-term urban-rural partitioning, rapid urbanization of administrative leadership, lagging of social construction. In view of the remaining questions, it＇ s necessary to take a further acceleration for transformation of the mode of development, to explore the urban-rural planning and construction with Chinese characteristics and to realize the harmony of city and countryside.