由谣谚所见的民间伦理观念

民间社会村夫野老口耳相传的谣谚,是包含着民间伦理生活真实信息的"活化石".在传统社会,谣谚所映射出的民间伦理观念具有多元复合的特点,儒、道、墨等诸家观念大量充斥其间.谣谚所传达的伦理观念,既有与官方正统教化伦理高度一致的一面,同时也不乏异质的声音.其主要表现是谣谚以有限认同、阳奉阴违、分庭抗礼的姿态,构成了对正统教化伦理的反对性回应.谣谚作为一种小传统文化,与作为大传统文化的主流意识形态之间互渗互用、相生相长,构成了传统社会伦理生活的真实景观.

Folk Ethical Ideas Reflected by Proverbs

In the traditional society,the proverbs that the common people delivered to each other by ear and mouth are living fossil including real information about folk ethical life.The ethical ideas presented by the proverbs on one hand show agreement with orthodox enlightenment ethics,and on the other hand,are packed with a large number of alien voices.This is mainly displayed by the fact that the proverbs by using limited approval,overtly agreeing but covertly opposing,and by making rival claims as equal,form the opposite response to the orthodox enlightenment ethics.The proverbs as traditional sub-culture,co-existing and supplementing,permeating and utilizing each other,with the orthodox enlightenment ethics as great traditional culture,give a panorama of ethical life in the traditional society.