不当得利“没有法律根据”要件的证明

不当得利"没有法律根据"要件的证明责任问题在诉讼中经常引发争议。根据《民诉法解释》第91条确立的证明责任分配规则,无论在给付不当得利还是权益侵害不当得利中,应由原告/受损人固定地对"没有法律根据"要件承担证明责任。在给付不当得利纠纷中,原告应主张并证明"没有法律根据"要件的基础事实,即作出给付行为的具体原因以及给付原因自始不存在或嗣后丧失的事由。这些待证事实内容明确、特定,不存在无法证明的困境。在权益侵害不当得利纠纷中,"没有法律根据"要件的基础事实与"侵害他人权益"要件的内容一致,通过证明"侵害他人权益"要件,原告对于"没有法律根据"要件基础事实的证明也就同时完成。由被告/受益人证明其受益有法律根据并没有改变证明责任的分配,只是使提供证据责任转移至被告。

Proof of no Legal Basis in Unjust Enrichment

The proof burden of no legal basis in the claim of unjust enrichment always falls into controversy.According to Article 91 of Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on the Application of the Civil Procedure Law,it is the plaintiff that takes the burden of proof in both performance unjust enrichment and unjust enrichment from infringement of rights.In regard to performance unjust enrichment,the plaintiff should assert and prove such basic facts of no legal basis as the specific reason of the performance and why the reason never exists or disappears thereafter.These basic facts are explicit and specific so there is no dilemma of proving no legal basis.In regard to unjust enrichment from infringement of rights,the basic facts of no legal basis are as same as the content of infringement of rights,therefore the element of no legal basis can be proved the same time the plaintiff has proved the element of infringement of rights.The defendant proving the element of no legal basis only changes the burden of producing evidence,not changing proof burden.