论瑕疵行政行为的效力

行政行为的效力包括形式效力与实质效力，两者构成了行政行为的效力体系。严重且明显瑕疵行政行为不具有形式效力的理论与制度混淆了形式效力与实质效力发生的基础。形式效力是基于行政行为的形式而具有的效力，与行政行为内容中的瑕疵无关，瑕疵行政行为都应具有形式效力。实质效力是基于行政行为内容的实质正当而具有的效力，不同的瑕疵将不同程度地影响着行政行为的实质效力并导致该行为被撤销、确认无效与治愈的法律后果。

On the Legal Effect of Administrative Act with Flaw

The legal effect of administrative act consists of formal effect and substantive effect which together form the system of legal effect. The theory and system that administrative act with serious and obvious flaw has none formal effect confuses the foundations of formal effect and substantive effect. The administrative act has formal effect when it exists in form, whether it has flaw or not. The administrative act with legitimate contents has substantive effect. Different flaw will affect substantive effect of administrative act with different degree, and correspondently the legal consequences of administrative act with flaw will be different with the forms of being annulled, declared being illegal and cured.