从命令到规则:哈特对奥斯丁的批判——读哈特《法律的概念》

哈特试图以法律的规则学说取代奥斯丁的法律命令理论,这一理论努力的背后所隐含的正是法律实证主义的某些深刻且基本的问题意识。通过分析哈特对奥斯丁的批判,我们比较了两种版本的法律实证主义在法律的存在方式以及检验法律的标准这两个问题上给出的不同回答,在此基础上提出,哈特的规则学说并没有能够真正地取代奥斯丁的命令理论,规则与命令所表明的可能是法律存在方式也即法律与社会生活方式联结的不同方面。

From Command to Rule:the Critics on Austin by Hart

Behind Hart's attempt that he criticized Austin's theory of law as command and developed the theory of rule,there is a set of profound and fundamental subjects which belong to legal positivism.In this article,we try to compare different answers to the following questions which are given by Austin,and respectively,what is the mode of existence of law and what is the testing criterion for law? On this basis,we insist that Hart's theory of rule does not replace Austin's theory really and truly,and they merely reflect the different modes of the existence of law which are in fact the links of law and the style of social life.