司法裁判引证法律学说的功能研究——基于生效裁判文书的实证分析

法律学说是连接立法与实践的知识储备和理论桥梁,也是推动司法与社会互动的知识引擎和理论动力。学者的学术观点是法律学说的直接体现。在我国,存在司法判决引证法学学者观点的现象。实证研究表明,268份样本裁判文书中,有60位法学学者的观点被引证307次。法律学说在裁判文书中发挥着解释法律、论证说理及补充法律漏洞等作用,从而增强法官对法律事实性质或裁判结果判断的合理性和合法性,提升裁判结果的可接受性。从应然层面来看,法律学说要为司法裁判提供可能的参考答案,为司法裁判提供有效的法律方法以及通过司法裁判总结科学的司法规律。实证研究与理论分析表明,虽然司法判决可以成为法律学说的“试验田”,但是从主题任务和实践立场两分的角度看,法学与司法的适当分离是法治持续进步的阶梯。

A Study on the Function of Judicial Decisions Citing Legal Doctrines:Empirical Analysis Based on the Effective Adjudication Documents

Legal doctrine is the knowledge reserve and theoretical bridge linking legislation and practice,as well as the intellectual engine and theoretical impetus driving the interaction between judiciary and society.The academic views of scholars are the direct manifestation of legal doctrines.In China,there is a phenomenon of judicial decisions citing the views of legal scholars.Empirical research shows that the views of 60 legal scholars were cited 307 times in 268 sample adjudication documents.Legal doctrines play the role of explaining the law,arguing reasoning and supplementing legal loopholes in adjudication documents,thus enhancing the reasonableness and legitimacy of judges'judgments on the nature of legal facts or adjudication results,and enhancing the acceptability of adjudication results.On the contingent level,legal doctrine should provide possible reference answers for judicial decisions and provide effective legal methods for judicial decisions as well as summarize scientific judicial laws for judicial decisions.Empirical studies and theoretical analyses show that although judicial decisions can be a"testing ground"for legal doctrine,the proper separation of academia and judiciary is a stepping stone for the continued progress of the rule of law from the perspective of both the thematic task and the practical position.