新自由主义、东亚模式与经济发展

当前经济发展战略的分歧主要是新自由主义与东亚模式之争,前者执著于静态的比较优势,后者迷信于威权政治。对于处于工业化初期阶段的国家来说,自由贸易可以利用发达国家的扩散效应与产业转移,促进本国技术进步,改善贸易条件,节约技术开发的资金与时间,但对于进入工业化中期的国家来说,后发优势递减,技术引进日益困难,自由贸易将导致长期的贸易条件恶化;权威政府则由于社会资本的消蚀,民主法制的不健全,也产生了严重失灵现象,并进一步加剧市场失灵,双重失灵使东亚模式已不可持续。只有在建立民主宪政体制,制约政府失灵的基础上,通过有限贸易保护和积极的产业政策来纠正市场失灵,提高自主技术开发能力,后发国家才能改善本国贸易条件,加速工业化的发展。

Neo-liberalism and the East Asian model of Economic development

The current economic development strategy are major differences with the neo-liberal model of an East Asia,the former emphasis on static comparative advantage,the latter superstition in the authoritarian politics.For in the early stages of industrialization,free trade can make use of the developed countries and the proliferation of transfer of industries,promote their technological progress,improved terms of trade,economy and technology development funds,but for the medium-term industrialization of the country,to the advantage of decreasing and increasing difficulties in the introduction of technology,free trade will lead to long-term deterioration in the terms of trade;authority of the Government due to the erosion of social capital,a democratic legal system is not perfect,has also had a serious failures,and further exacerbate market failure,the double failure of the East Asian model is not sustainable. Only in the establishment of a democratic constitutional system,the constraints on the basis of failure by the limited trade protection and the active industrial policies to correct market failures,improve autonomous technological development capabilities,after the state can improve its terms of trade,to accelerate the development of industrialization.