试述《九评》与中苏论战

20世纪五六十年代的中苏论战,旷日持久,历时十年,又称"十年论战".它是中苏关系史和中共党史上一个十分重大而复杂的历史事件.这场论战既表现了意识形态之争,又蕴含着国家利益之争,也反映了高举马克思主义大旗领导权之争.1963年9月中共中央开展的九评苏共中央公开信是中苏论战的转折点.它就像一枚重磅炸弹,在当时的国内外影响最大、最代表中共方面论战的核心观点,从而使中共在中苏论战中由防御转为反攻,由半公开不指名争论转为全面公开的指名道姓的争论,把中苏论战推向顶点和高潮.它的直接后果,是导致了第二次世界大战后社会主义阵营的破裂,中苏关系的破裂,强化了毛泽东的"反修防修"思想,因而和旨在完成"反修防修"任务的"文化大革命"有着直接的联系.

A Review of the Nine Commentaries and the Debates between China and the Soviet Union

The debates between China and the Soviet Union in the 1950s and 60s lasted as long as ten years,which was also known as the "ten-year debate".It was a significant and complicated historical event in the history of the Chinese Communist Party as well as in the history of the Sino-soviet relations.The debates revealed the two parties disputes not only in ideological beliefs and national interests but also in leadership role with regard to holding high the great banner of Marxism.The Nine Commentaries on the open letter of the Soviet Communist Party Central Committee started by the CPC central committee in September,1963 was the turning point of the Sino-soviet debates.The Nine Commentaries,like a heavy bomb,produced the most tremendous influence at that time both at home and abroad,and were most representative of the CPC's fundamental viewpoints in the debates,thus turning the CPC from a defensive position to a counteroffensive position,from a semi-overt debate to an open debate,and pushing the debates to the high tide.The immediate consequences of the debates were the collapse of the socialist camp after World War II and the split of the Sinosoviet relations.The debates also consolidated Mao Zedong's thought of "struggling against revisionism and preventing revisionism from happening in China" and therefore had a direct link with the "Cultural Revolution",whose aim is to accomplish the task of "struggling against revisionism and preventing revisionism from happening in China".