国有与立:钱穆的历史政治思维析论

围绕现代立国,钱穆一生进行了多重层面的学术和思想探索。钱穆强调世人应客观认知自身所处的时运和环境,这需要认真对待中国的历史传统和现实,反省唯西方马首是瞻这一现代中国的病理根源。立国形势、立国规模、立国精神和立国理想,构成了钱穆历史政治哲学的核心范畴。其立国思维的特质,在于对历史政治传统的同情理解和内在批判涵括了一个富含活力的张力结构。新与旧一体承续而非截然对立,变革应在立国前提下推动国族改进,由此接续以家言而为官学的儒家精义。钱穆依据孙中山政治思想为张本,对中国传统政制及其现代重构进行了长期思索。现代立国是极具综合性的一大事因缘,要以国族实情为本对于中西文明诸多要素调和折中,由此实现政治传统的守成创新。

A Study on Qian Mu's Historical and Political Philosophy of State Building

Qian Mu spent his whole life in thinking over and exploring the theme of state-building of China as a modern country.The basic conditions,formation,spirit and ideal of state-building belong to the central categories of Qian Mu’s historical and political philosophy.The characteristic of his state-building thinking lies in the fruitful tension between the sympathetic understanding and internal criticism of history and political tradition.Qian Mu developed a systematic thinking of Chinese traditional regime and its modern reconstruction based on Sun Zhongshan’s political thought.Modern state-building of China is a profoundly complicated enterprise involving the compromise and integration among Chinese and the Western cultural elements.