构建社区社会工作“生态系统”--嵌入社区治理三种社工模式比较研究

作为欧美国家的一个专业职业,社会工作自引入我国以来,一直是嵌入在已有的本土行政化社会管理和服务体系中,并受其形塑。通过比较同一社区中三类社工嵌入模式及其在社区治理中的不同结果,发现这三类嵌入模式在自主性、专业性、社会性方面各有优劣,构成了社区社会工作的“生态系统”。如果三类社工能够通过合作“扬长避短”,则可以实现多元社区善治;然而目前之所以出现行政化依附等现象,恰是因为三类社工的地位不平等,以及无法在服务理念、工作方法以及工作目标等基本问题上达成共识。因此,可以从平衡社区社会工作“生态系统”的角度改善政策,以达到去行政化的效果。

Building"Ecosystem"for Community Social Work:An Analysis of Three Models of Social Work Embedded in Community Governance

As a profession in European and American countries, social work has been embedded and conditioned in the existing local administrative system since it has been introduced into China. This article compares the three models of community social workers embedded in the same community, as well as their different effects of community governance. This article believes that these three models have their own both advantages and disadvantages in terms of autonomy, professionalism, and sociality. They constitute an "ecosystem" for community social workers. If the three models can work together by sharing advantages and minimizing drawbacks, they could achieve an efficient multiple co-governance structure. However, the current administrative dependence is due to the unequal status of the three types of social workers and the inability to reach consensus on basic issues such as service concepts, working methods, and working goals. Therefore, policies can be improved from the perspective of balancing the "ecosystem" of community social workers to achieve de-administrative effects.