外国仲裁裁决论析——基于《纽约公约》及中国实践的视角

《纽约公约》适用的“外国仲裁裁决”包括了在外国作出的裁决和非内国裁决两类。“在外国作出的裁决”是指法律上的仲裁地位于任何外国的裁决,因此,当事人住所地、仲裁机构所在地或仲裁裁决书签字地以及当事人的国籍和裁决的国际性等因素均与判定某项裁决是否属于外国仲裁裁决以及应否适用该公约无关。互惠保留只是将“在外国作出的裁决”进一步限定为在缔约的外国而非任何外国作出的裁决,故互惠保留既无一般意义上的互惠对等含义,也不应作其他扩大解释。缔约国只能将本国境内作出的裁决自主认定为“非内国裁决”。由国际商会仲裁院等外国仲裁机构在中国境内作出的裁决应在中国被认定为该公约项下的“非内国裁决”。

Foreign Arbitral Award: In Perspective of the New York Convention and the Judicial Practice of China

The foreign arbitral awards to which the New York Convention may apply include non-domestic a- wards and awards made in the territory of another state.Whether an award is held to be one made in the territory of another state or whether the Convention can apply is determined in accordance with the sole factor that the arbitral site must locate in a foreign country,regardless of the parties'residence,location of the arbitral institution,the sig- nature place,the nationality of the parties,or the internationality of the award.The reciprocity reservation only fur- ther defines that the award made in the territory of another state must indicate an award made in a member state of the Convention rather than any other foreign counties,so it bears no meaning(re:an ordinary reciprocity reserva- tion)and cannot be interpreted extensively.A member state can only by its own discretion enforce an award made within its territory as a non-domestic one.Awards made in the territory of China by foreign arbitral institutions(such as the arbitration tribunal of ICC)shall be deemed as non-domestic awards under the Convention.