戏仿的法律保护和限制——从《一个馒头引发的血案》切入

通过分析《一个馒头引发的血案》以及类似作品,本文指出它代表了一类我国著作权法中没有明确予以规定的戏仿作品;并主张,由于戏仿的娱乐和批评价值,我国著作权法应当基于“合理使用”原则对戏仿予以保护;基于中国的国情,戏仿有可能涉及侵犯个人的人格(名誉)和市场价值(声誉),应当根据情况分别予以适度保护;由于电影产品消费的特殊性,保护戏仿还具有保护消费者权益以及促进当代中国的文化、社会建设的意义。

Legal Protection of Parodies and Its Limits

Parodying the movie Wuji, the controversial digital video work, Mantou, represents a type of works which are gaining influence and importance in contemporary China but is not mentioned in China's copyright law. Parodies should be legally protected by the broadly applied “fair use” doctrine for its value of entertainment, of social and cultural criticism, and especially of consumer protection in a market of credence goods like movie where consumer protection law is inapplicable because of the prohibitive information costs. Legal protection of parodies should be balanced against, beside the intellectual property right, other equally valuable public and private goods such as the personal reputation and the professional fame to which parodies tend to be harmful.