专利保护平衡机制的实现——兼议最高人民法院相关司法解释

因文字语言表达的限制,专利权人较难通过权利要求足够好地描述其发明构思,在权利要求公示的基础上,通过引进等同物来扩大专利权的保护范围,充分保护专利权人的发明构思,成为各国的通行做法。在构建等同侵权的要件、确认等同侵权的例外方面,遵循公平原则始终是平衡专利权人与公众利益的标杆。现有技术抗辩中采用"容易推导"代替"新颖性"标准,等同侵权中以"置换容易性"代替"无创造性"要件,法官在评价"容易推导"及"置换容易"时参考所属技术领域技术人员的专家证言,可实现双方利益的平衡。

How to Carry out the Balance System of Patent Protection: Reviews on the Relevant Judicial Interpretations

Because of the limitation of language expression, it is rather hard for the patentee to express his inventive concept perfectly by claims. On the basis of the publicity of claims, most countries expand the extent of patent right protection by the equivalent material in order to fully protect the patentee’s concept of invention. Fairness is always the principle that should be followed to balance the interests between the patentee and the public on the aspects of constructing the elements of equivalent infringement and confirming the exception of equivalence infringement. If we want to balance the interests between the patentee and the public, there are at least three measures, "easy deduction" instead of "novelty" during the prior art defense, "ease replacement" instead of "no inventive step" during the equivalence infringement, making judge refers to person skilled in the expert’s testimony when he estimates the "easy deduction" and "ease replacement".