行政协议变更、解除制度的整合与完善

将民事合同之情势变更、法定解除制度参照适用于行政协议,应当如何与行政主体单方变更解除制度相互衔接?结合既有规范及人民法院审判实践,可以看到,当发生协议相对人根本违约或遭遇不可抗力及情势变更时,缔约行政主体在原则上皆应参照适用民事合同之情势变更、法定解除制度;而仅在缔约行政主体所不能预见、不能避免之客观事变乃源于公共利益需求新变化,并且涉案具体情形满足行政协议下单方高权行为之行使条件时,缔约行政主体才可以适用行政协议单方变更解除制度。为了完善两项制度的衔接,未来还需提升单方变更解除行为对协议相对人及社会公众的可预期性,并完备缔约行政主体在行政协议中主张情势变更的配套制度。

Integration and Improvement of the Modification and Dissolution System of the Administrative Agreement

How should the situational change of civil contract and the statutory dissolution system be applied to the administrative agreement?Combined with the existing norms and the trial practice of the people’s courts,it can be seen that when the counterpart of the agreement is fundamentally in breach of contract or encounters force majeure and change of circumstances,the administrative subject of the contract shall,in principle,refer to the situational change and statutory dissolution system of civil contract;Only when the objective events that cannot be foreseen or avoided by the administrative subject are a new change in the demand for the public interest,and the specific circumstances involved meet the conditions for the exercise of unilateral high-power acts under the administrative agreement,the administrative subject of the contract may apply the unilateral modification and dissolution system of the administrative agreement.In order to improve the connection between the two systems,institutional reforms are needed in the future,including improving the predictability of high-power behavior under the unilateral change and unilateral dissolution system,and completing the supporting system for the contracting administration to advocate the change of circumstances in the administrative agreement.