论信用的法权性质与权利归属

从我国第一部民法草案起草之日起,对信用及信用权相关问题的争论一直延续至今,其根本原因在于信用权论证视角转换所带来的逻辑关系混乱。信用主体普遍性、利益交换的客体凝练及内容要素中义务承担者指向明确且义务正当化理由证立充分,使信用权利构成要素清晰,信用能够独立成权。信用权的不完全人格与不完全精神利益属性及强信息功能,使信用权的内涵与外延为人格权及其域下名誉权、信息权益所不能统摄。根据权利体系成员标准与生成逻辑,信用权在现有权利体系中没有生成关系,不属于人格权、债权与知识产权的权利束成员。作为一种新型权利,信用权在权利体系中的定位,在确保其法律适用性的同时,又必须保证既存权利体系的安定性和融贯性,使权利体系在权利稳定与权利进化中实现机制平衡。

Legal Nature and Attribute of Right about Credit

Since the first Civil Law of China was drafted,the debate on credit and credit right has been existing to nowadays.The fundamental cause lies in logical confusion brought by the perspective conversion of credit right argumentation.The elements of credit right is clear reflected in universality of credit subjects,conciseness of objects for interests exchange,clear orientation of obligor in content elements and sufficient demonstration of the justification for obligation,which,as a result,credit can become a independent right.Because of incomplete personality and spiritual interests attribute and strong information function of credit right,connotation and extension of credit right cannot be controlled by personality right and its reputation right and information right.According to member standard and generation logic of right system,credit right has no generation relationship in existing right system,and does not belong to the bundle of personality right,creditor’s right or intellectual property right.As a new type of right,position of credit right in right system should ensure its legal applicability,meanwhile,the stability and coherence of existing right system should also be considered,which will achieve the balance of right system between stability and evolution of rights.