公共空间运用大规模监控的法理逻辑及限度——基于个人信息有序共享之视角

为应对现代化进程中的社会风险,安抚公众对风险的恐慌情绪,公共空间大规模监控随之诞生,并迅速在现实社会和网络空间中全面运用。公共治理不能取安全保障而舍隐私保护,公共空间大规模监控的运用并非以牺牲隐私权为代价,而是在保障安全法益的同时兼顾隐私法益的保护。在此既保障安全,又保护隐私的法理念下,公共空间大规模监控的运用体现了风险治理从个人本位走向社会本位的转变趋势,并促进了个人信息保护从自主支配到有序共享的逻辑转换。为寻求安全保障与隐私保护之间的平衡路径,在公共空间合理运用大规模监控措施,就必须加强信息收集、存储、使用的阶段性控制,建立个人信息合理使用制度,实现个人信息的有序共享。

The Legal Logic and Limitation of Mass Surveillance in the Use of Public Space

In order to deal with the social risk in the process of modernization and appease the public’s fear of risk,mass surveillance of public space came into being,and was rapidly used in real society and cyberspace.Public governance can’t abandon the privacy protection for the sake of security.The use of mass surveillance of public space is not to give up privacy protection,but to protect privacy while ensuring security.Under the legal principle ofprotecting both security and privacy,mass surveillance of public space contains two logical transformations.One is that risk management changes from individual standard to social standard,the other is that personal information changes from independent control to orderly sharing.In order to find a balanced path between security guarantee and privacy protection,and reasonably use mass surveillance measures in public space,it is necessary to establish a reasonable use system of personal information,and strengthen the process control of information collection,storage and use,so as to achieve the goal of orderly sharing of personal information.