马来亚印度人国大党的成立及早期政治活动(1946~1957)

二战前,马来亚印度人指向祖籍国印度的民族主义和爱国主义明显加强,进而暂时消除、弥合了印度人群体中一些分化因素,这是马来亚印度人国大党成立的重要社会背景。在尼赫鲁的积极推动下,1946年8月,马来亚印度人国大党正式成立。虽然马来亚印度人国大党深受尼赫鲁和印度国大党的影响,该党成立之初也支持当时的印度政府和印度国大党的反殖反英运动,但它并不隶属于印度国大党。自成立后至1957年,马来亚印度人国大党先是主要致力于开展印度民族主义的活动,不久又深度卷入马来亚制订民主宪法的斗争中,积极争取对印度人有利的公民权问题。在马来亚积极争取独立的浓厚政治氛围中,经过一番犹豫之后,1955年3月,经正式商谈之后,马来亚印度人国大党选择全面加入巫统马华联盟。同年7月,巫统、马华公会和马来亚印度人国大党结成的三大民族政党联盟在竞选中获胜。马来亚联合邦随后正式成立,马来亚印度人国大党作为执政联盟成员之一,长期参与执政。印度人群体的相对弱小及其社会内部的严重分化,部分程度地削弱了马来亚印度人国大党在马国政治中的地位和作用。它的政治活动对马来亚的政治民主化和多元化起到了一定的推动作用。

An Analysis on Establishment of M.I.C and its Early Political Activities(1946?1957)

Before the Second World War, the nationalism and patriotism of Malayan Indians pointing to the motherland of India was significantly strengthened, which temporarily eliminated and bridged some of the differentiation factors in the Indian community in Malaya. This is an important background for the establishment of Malayan Indian Congress. Because of the active promotion of Jawaharlal Nehru, M.I.C was established in August 1946. From 1946 to 1957, M.I.C was firstly devoted to the activities of Indian nationalism, and soon deeply involved in the struggle of Malaya to formulate a democratic constitution, and then actively sought citizenship issues favorable to Indians. In March 1955, M.I.C opted to fully join the UMNO-MCA Alliance. In July of the same year, the three major national party alliances formed by UMNO, MCA, and M.I.C won the election. After the Malayan Confederation was formally established, and M.I.C, as a member of the ruling coalition, had long participated in the ruling. The relative weakness of the Indian population and the serious differentiation within the Indian Community had partially weakened the status and the role of M.I.C in Malaysian politics. The political activities of M.I.C have played a certain role in promoting the political democratization and diversification of Malaya.