论物权请求权的性质——以物权请求权与罗马法诉权之关系变迁为视角

物权请求权发轫于罗马法的诉权,凭借对物之诉和对人之诉存在于罗马法中。在部门法运动和中世纪法学理论的推动下,物权请求权分立于罗马诉权。尽管物权请求权承继罗马诉权的程序功能,且得诉权之行使方可实现,但是物权请求权非因之而附着于诉权,而是独立于诉权,发展为横跨实体权利与诉讼程序之间的桥梁,为物权的顺利实现提供服务和保障。但物权请求权不附属于物权,也非物权的效力所致,它是异于物权的,在物权存续期间,于一物的同一类型的物权请求权因同质的侵害行为会反复出现,但基于物权请求权的相对性和相对人的变化,此时的物权请求权与彼时的物权请求权并非同质,物权请求权是一种相对独立于物权的请求权。正是基于物权请求权的此等属性,物权请求权才可能成为诉讼时效的客体。

On the Character of Claim of Right In Rem——At the angle of view of vicissitude of the relation between Claim of right in rem and the action in roman law

Claim of right in rem set from the action in roman law and exited as action in res or in rem.Under the drive of the movement of section law and the medieval law theory,Claim of right in rem separated from the action in roman law.Although claim of right in rem succeeds to the function of proceeding and implements with the help of action,claim of right in rem is independent of the action,which is as like a bridge connecting substantial law with proceeding law and assures the claim of right in rem smooth implementation.Claim of right in rem doesn't result from the effectiveness of the right in rem,but is different from the right in rem and a relatively independent right.Just with such the independent attribute of claim of right in rem,it can become the object of the action limitation.