中国民法典的三个创新

新中国第一部以法典命名的法律终于颁布施行了。建国70多年以来,民法典先后经历了五次的起草编纂,这一次我们终于把我国这么多年来现行的民商事法律法规编纂成一部法典。民法典在编纂上既没有采取德国五编制或法国三编制,而是采取了中国特色的七编制,单独设立了人格权编、侵权责任编,摈弃债法总则。民法典内容上的创新也不少。民事主体采用三分法,给予了非法人组织独立的民事主体资格。法人的分类上,将其通过营利法人与非营利法人来区分。农村集体土地所有权一直是中国特有的问题,需要我们进一步加深研究。今后完善民法典的工作任重道远,还需要学者与法律实践工作者的共同努力。

Three Innovations in China’s Civil Code

New China’s first law named after a code was finally promulgated and implemented.Since the founding of the country more than 70 years ago,the Civil Code has been drafted and codified five times,and this time we have finally codified the civil and commercial laws and regulations that have been in force in China for so many years into a code.In the codification system,the Civil Code does not adopt the German five compilation or the French three compilation,but adopts the seven compilation with Chinese characteristics,establishes a separate compilation of personality rights and tort liability,and abandons the general principles of debt law.There are also many innovations in the content of the Civil Code.The civil subject adopts the three-division method,giving unincorporated organizations an independent civil subject status.The classification of legal persons is distinguished through profit-making legal persons and non-profit legal persons.The ownership of rural collective land has been a unique issue in China,and we need to further study it.The future work of improving the civil code is a long way to go,and it requires the joint efforts of scholars and legal practitioners.