论旅游合同惩罚性违约金的设定

当下立法在旅游者权利救济上存在不足。惩罚性违约金担保债务履行、降低交易成本、维护市场秩序的功能决定了旅游合同惩罚性违约金设定的必要性。惩罚性违约金的设定应限于特定情形，以旅游经营者主观上的故意和重大过失为必要条件，并与损害赔偿相脱离。在适用上应体现形式的纯粹性、内容的确定性、变更的限定性和与其他规则的协调性。

On Setting Of Liquidated Damages And Penalty In Tourism Contract

There are some defects of tourists’ right remedy in current legislation.It is necessary to perform punitive liquidated damages due to its function of guarantee debt performance,reducing transaction cost,maintaining the market order.The punitive liquidated damages should be limited to specific situations and satisfied to necessary conditions that tour operator has subjective intention and gross negligence,as well as it should separate from damages indemnification.When application,it should embody the form of purity,the content of certainty,the change of limitation,and the coordination with other rules.