The normalization of intolerance: The 2019 presidential election in Indonesia |
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Institution: | 1. Division of Social Sciences, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, 16 College Avenue West, #01-220. Singapore, 138527, Singapore;2. Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs, Syracuse University, NY, USA;3. Department of Government and International Relations, University of Sydney, Australia;1. Embassy of Japan in Malaysia, No, 11 Persiaran Stonor, off Jalan Tun Razak, 50450 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;2. Faculty of Political Science, Thammasat University, 2 Taprajan Road, Bangkok 10200, Thailand |
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Abstract: | The perceived social acceptability of intolerance is believed to drive individual intolerance, a process we refer to as normalization. Social intolerance can be particularly high during election campaigns, when divisive candidates are likely to disparage minorities and outgroups in their rhetoric. Despite the electoral connection, it remains unclear how normalization interacts with partisanship. Does normalization only affect supporters of intolerant candidates, or does normalization spread across the population—even among supporters of the opposition? Relatedly, are the targets of intolerance group-specific, or are all minorities and outgroups at risk? To address these questions, this paper draws on results from a survey experiment conducted during the 2019 Indonesian presidential election. Our findings suggest that normalization affects all voters, albeit in ways that reflect partisan affiliation and rhetoric, which has implications for the study of identity politicization and the conditions under which intolerance is likely to propagate. |
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Keywords: | Elections Identity Politicization Intolerance Minorities Indonesia |
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