行政诉讼法中“监督管理职责”的理解与适用

为更好地贯彻落实党的十九届四中全会"拓展公益诉讼案件范围"的规定,《行政诉讼法》有关条款的含义需要予以厘清。行政公益诉讼以嵌入式写入《行政诉讼法》,不仅创设了一项制度,也添加了一条法律术语--监督管理职责。从实定法角度看,"监督管理职责"是一个广义的概念,包括准立法、准司法和实质意义行政。实践中,提起公益诉讼需满足《行政诉讼法》第49条规定的条件,如诉讼请求属于法院受案范围。监督管理职责的依据应包括规章以下规范性文件,但检察机关对此应作出合法与否的判断。公益诉讼有着不同于(私益)行政诉讼的特殊性,为此,需要"两高"出台司法解释为公益诉讼制度的健康发展提供保障。

The Understanding and Application of “Supervision and Management Responsibility” in the Administrative Procedure Law

In order to properly implement the regulation of expanding the range of public interest litigation cases in the decision of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Party’s 19 th Natonal Congress, the meanings of concepts in the Administrative Procedure Law should be defined clearly. Since the administrative public interest litigation has been written into article 25,the paragraph 4 of the Administrative Procedure Law, a system of the administrative public interest litigation is created, as well as a new concept of "supervision and management responsibility" is introduced. From the legal point of view, the supervision and management responsibility is a broad concept including quasi-legislative, quasi-judicial and administrative actions. In practice, the initiation of proceeding should meet the conditions of the article 49 of the Administrative Procedure Law,for example, a claim should be subject to the jurisdiction of the courts. The supervision and management responsibility may originate from other normative documents. However, in this case, its legitimacy should be examined by the procuratorial organs. Due to the huge differences between administrative public interest litigation and administrative litigation, it is necessary for the Supreme People’s Court and Supreme People’s Procuratorate to give the judicial intepretations, and therefore, to gurantee the healthy development of the system of public interest litigation.