共同危险行为争议问题探析

共同危险行为属于责任者不明型共同侵权,其与份额不明型共同组成客观共同侵权之类型。此类共同侵权中连带责任的正当化基础为可能因果关系,故当行为人证明自己的行为与损害间不存在因果关系时,便可免于承担责任。共同危险行为制度同样可以适用于无过错责任领域。共同危险行为与共同过失型共同侵权的区分,主要看行为人是否具有共同过失,共同过失表现为基于一致的行为安排而作出一定行为,而该行为中含有可预见并可避免的致害可能性。

Analysis of Controversial Issues on Joint Dangerous Act

The joint dangerous act belongs to the joint tort where the person liable can’t be determined.The joint dangerous act and the joint tort where the portion of liability can’t be determined together constitute the type of objective joint tort.The possible causation justifies joint and several liability in the objective joint tort,so one who adduces evidence to prove that there is no causation between his behaviour and the damage could be exempted from liability.The system of joint dangerous act also applies to the area of liability without fault.The distinctions of joint tort between the joint dangerous act and the joint negligence mainly depend on whether actors are common negligence.That tortfeasors’ conducts where it is possible to foresee and avoid the damage are based on consistent behaviour arrangements characterizes the joint negligence.