欧盟航空业碳减排规则的国际法分析

欧盟《2008年排放交易指令》规定,自2012年1月1日起,进出欧盟境内机场的所有航班排放的温室气体量都将被纳入欧盟温室气体排放交易体制。该项指令颁布伊始就受到国际社会的强烈质疑。本文首先针对该指令本身的架构,分析了它在规制主体的合法性、规制内容的合法性、规制方式的合理性以及规制的争端解决机制等方面存在的问题;其次,讨论了该指令与国际环境法规范、国际民用航空法规范、国际强行法规范的不兼容;最后,探讨了中国的应对立场与法律对策。

An International Law Analysis of EU Carbon Emissions Reduction Rules in the Aviation Industry

YE BoPursuant to Directive 2008/101/EC,the European Union’s Emissions Trading Scheme(EU-ETS) shall extend to the aviation industry.Since January 1st 2012,emissions from all flights arriving at and departing from the airports within the EU should be added to the EU-ETS.However,the Directive met with strong opposition from the international community.Against this background,this paper focuses firstly on the structure of the Directive,in particular the problems as regards the legality of its subject and contents,the reasonableness of the EU’s regulating measures,the dispute settlement mechanism and some other aspects of the Directive.It then discusses the incompatibility of the Directive with Chinese norms of the existing international environmental law,international civil aviation law and international jus cogens.Finally,given the seriously adverse effects of the Directive on Chinese aviation industry,this paper examines whether it breaches the WTO rules and provides some suggestions as to the corresponding actions that China should take.