论医疗侵权纠纷案件的举证责任

举证责任分配是证据制度的核心,其基础理论为“法律要件说”,由此而推导出“谁主张,谁举证”的一般举证责任分配规则。举证责任倒置是对“谁主张,谁举证”规则的修正,与侵权行为法相伴而生,其适用条件是由法律严格限制的。《关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》规定医疗侵权诉讼实行举证责任倒置,这样规定并不妥当,理由也不充分,缺少法律基础,对医学发展不利。要完善我国医疗侵权诉讼举证责任,应当从明确医疗侵权行为的专家责任性质入手,建立专家举证制度,实行举证责任轮换,构建分散医疗风险制度。

On the Burden of Proof in Medical Tangle Cases

The division of burden of proof is the core of evidence law.The theoretical foundation is "legal condition" from which the regulation of burden of proof is established,that is,the party has the responsibility to provide evidence in support of one's own proposition.The inversion of burden of proof is a modification of this regulation.It emerges with the law of infringing act,and its scope of application is strictly restricted by law.The Civil Procedure Act of the PRC has ordained that in medical tort litigation,the inversion of burden of proof is unreasonable and it is harmful to the development of iatrology.To develop the division of burden of proof in medical tangle,it is necessary to establish a system of expert evidence,implement the shifting of burden of proof,and upbuild a system of sharing of liability for risks.