公平与效率何以兼顾——美国《兰哈姆法》商标权取得制度对中国的启示

我国《商标法》较多地借鉴了大陆法系商标法,并且具有浓厚的商标行政管理法特色,在商标权取得制度上偏重于商标注册和管理的效率性,较少体现公平,客观上使得商标抢注成风、不公平竞争泛滥、垃圾商标成灾,最终导致了效率的丧失。美国《兰哈姆法》坚持公平优先,兼顾效率,使两者有机结合、相辅相成,其商标权取得制度建立在使用主义的基础上,并科学地引入了在先申请主义的内容,使其制度设计不断优化,为我国商标法的修改和完善提供了可资借鉴的范本。

How to Balance Fairness and Efficiency ---U.S. Lanham Act Trademark Acquisition System Implications to China

Our Trademark Law is based on the continental legal system and characteristics the administrative management law that in the terms of the trademark right obtaining system, it has a bias towards the efficiency of trademark registration and administration and embodies but pay less attention in the equity resulting in preemptive registration, unfair competition and waste trademarks, which lead to low efficiency. The Lanham Act of USA insists on equal priority and efficiency consideration. By combining the two aspects they can complement each other. The trademark right obtaining system of Lanham Act scientifically introduces the principle of prior application on the basis of the principle of prior use, and it is optimized over time. Therefore, the Lanham Act has set a good example to the Trademark Law of our country on amending and improving.