1947—1949年夏格巴印美英“商务”之行及国民政府的应对

1947年6月至1949年4月，国民政府围绕夏格巴分裂活动，同印度、美国、英国展开了一场交涉。著名分裂分子夏格巴在印度、美国、英国的支持下，乘国民党政府即将崩溃之机，“出访”三国，制造分裂。而三国对西藏的企图各有不同，印度企图继承英国在藏获得的侵略权益，美国企图取代英国而插手西藏问题，英国继续维持所谓中国在藏是“宗主权”而非主权的老调。国民政府相应地采取了一系列措施，反对夏格巴的分裂活动和这些国家干涉中国的领土与主权完整，表明了中华民族的严正立场，夏格巴“所谋向外贷款贸易，及企图使西藏独立事，均未如愿以偿”。但是，国民政府也有失策，它错误地认为不发给夏格巴等人护照，他们就出不了国，幻想三国会尊重中国主权而拒绝在其所持“西藏护照”上签证，未料到关英两国会变通处理。

Shakabpa’s 1947-1949 "Business" Trip to India,United States, and United Kingdom and the National Government’s Reaction

From June 1947 to April 1949, the national government made a set of representations to India, the United States, and the United Kingdom about Shakabpa＇ s separatist activities. Supported by India, the United States, and the United Kingdom, the infamous separatist Shakabpa took advantage of the Kuomintang government＇ s forthcoming collapse to ＂visit＂ the three countries and therefore to foment splits. The three countries had different purposes on Tibet. India attempted to inherit the advantages grabbed by the United Kingdom from Tibet. The Unit- ed States attempted to replace the United Kingdom to interfere with Tibet. The United Kingdom continued to hold its banal claim that China had ~＇ suzerainty＂ instead sovereignty in Tibet. The national government took a series of measures accordingly to oppose Shakabpa＇ s separatist activities and these countries＇ interference with China＇ s ter- ritorial and sovereignty integrity. It clearly indicated the Chinese nation＇ s solemn stand. ＂Neither foreign loans for trade nor making Tibet independent for which Shakabpa plotted were fulfilled as he wished. ＂ However, the national government also made a mistake. It wrongly assumed that the three countries would respect China＇ s sovereignty and refuse to issue visas on ＂Tibetan passports. ＂ Therefore the national government mistakenly assumed that since it re- fused to issue passports to Shakabpa and his accomplices, they would not have been able to go abroad. It failed to anticipate the flexible measures taken by the United States and United Kingdom.