缔约方大会：推动国际环境法律实施的有效形式

首先采用缔约方大会模式的国际环境公约是《拉姆萨尔湿地公约》。《濒危野生动植物物种国际贸易华盛顿公约》第一个正式使用＂缔约方大会＂一词,并使缔约方大会这种模式达到趋于成熟的程度。缔约方大会模式通常包括缔约方大会、专门性质的附属机构和秘书处三部分。缔约方大会机制倾向于采用非强制性的＂内部化＂的程序来保证环境公约的实施。其＂内部化＂的实施主要包括报告制度、申诉制度、援助制度、环境信息交流制度、处罚和补救措施等。缔约方大会机制的长处主要在于：运行成本低、运转灵活、影响范围广、监督手段和争议解决方式符合环境保护的客观要求等优点。

Conference of the Contracting Parties: an Efficient Form to Enhance the Implementation of International Environmental Law

Ramsar Convent conference of the parties. in Washington first used ion on Wetlands was the first international environmental treaty that used the Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora International Trade Convention the term ＂Conference of the Parties＂formally and made this pattern mature. The Conference of the Parties usually includes the congress, the affiliated organization and secretariat. The conference of the parties prefers the use of non--coercive interior mechanism to ensure the imple- mentation of environmental conventions. The interior mechanism includes reporting system, the complaint system, assistance system, environmental information exchange system, penalties and remedial measures. The merits of the conference of the parties are mainly due to： lower operating costs, operational flexibility, the impact of a wide range, unique monitoring measures and dispute settlement and so on.