农村集体土地征收的法理反思与制度重构

我国农村集体土地征收的立法现状遇到一系列经济、社会问题的质问。改革并完善集体土地征收制度,应当在"抑公扬私"立法理念的指导下,在坚持协调发展原则和集体成员参与原则的基础上,系统考量公共利益、补偿标准、征收程序等立法内容。尤其是,在强化集体经济组织法律地位和个体成员权、全面落实集体土地确权发证的前提下,应注重从所有权和用益物权两个层面,完善耕地、宅基地、集体建设用地乃至自留地、自留山的分类征收及其补偿机制。应强调从立法和司法实践两个视角,重新审视农民集体的土地补偿款分配自治权,重构土地补偿款分配纠纷的司法救济机制,切实维护集体土地所有权人和用益物权人的征收利益。

Legal Introspection and Systematic Reconstruction of Expropriating Rural Collective Land

The legislation of rural collective land has been challenged by a series of economic and social issues.Under the guidance of the legislative idea of "limiting public sector and encouraging private behavior",the reform and improvement of the collective land expropriation system should systematically examine public interests,compensation standards,expropriation procedures and other legislative contents on the basis of the principle of coordinated development and the principle of member participation.Most importantly,under the premise of strengthening legal status of collective economic organization and ensuring that the land qualification can be issued,it is necessary to improve classified expropriation and compensation of cultivated land,rural homestead,collective land used for construction and even private plot from two aspects,which are ownership and usufruct.Moreover,it is also necessary to rethink peasants’ autonomy of allotting the land compensation,to reconstruct remedy system of solving the disputes in allotting the land compensation,and to protect the owner of collective land and the holder of usufruct from perspectives of both legislative and judicial practices.