WTO争端解决中“规则冲突”的概念界定

无论是在国际公法中,还是在WTO争端解决中,如何界定"规则冲突"的概念,都是一个悬而未决、难以确定的问题。在国际公法和WTO争端解决中,关于规则冲突的概念,都存在定义的广义与狭义之争。在国际公法中,比较流行的是狭义的冲突定义,不承认权利可能与义务或禁止相冲突;在WTO争端解决实践中,究竟是应该采用狭义的还是广义的规则冲突的定义,目前尚未有定论。然而,狭义的冲突定义在法律上是不恰当的,并且导致自相矛盾,因此,在WTO争端解决中,关于规则冲突的狭义定义是不可取的,必须首选一个广泛的定义,把允许与义务或禁止之间冲突的情况,即矛盾的冲突,也视为构成规则冲突。

The Definition of "Norm Conflict" in WTO Dispute Settlement

The definition of norm conflict is a controversial question,no matter in public international law or in WTO dispute settlement.In public international law and WTO dispute settlement,there is an argument about its definition in a broad or narrow sense.In public international law,the definition of conflict in a narrow sense is more popular.It is denied that a right may collide with an obligation or a prohibition.In the practice of WTO dispute settlement,agreement has not yet reached about the definition in a broad or narrow sense.However,the narrow definition of norm conflict is appropriate in law,and lead to contradiction.Therefore,the narrow definition of norm conflict is undesirable in WTO dispute settlement.Therefore,a broad definition is preferential.The situations where a permission conflicts with either an obligation or a prohibition should have been considered as norm conflict.