罪错未成年人司法处遇制度完善

我国罪错未成年人司法处遇涵盖于一系列制度设计中,包括轻微罪行的非犯罪化处理、非刑罚化和量刑从宽、扩大适用非监禁刑罚执行方式、犯罪记录封存和免除前科报告义务、对未达刑事责任年龄未成年人的刑罚替代等。由于相关立法规定概括、松散而缺乏完整性、体系性,实践中在具体制度运行中仍然面临诸多困境。应当坚持儿童福利、国家亲权和恢复性司法理念;明确基于情节的罪错行为评价标准,完善未成年人轻微罪行的非犯罪化转处机制;完善未成年人减刑、假释制度,并设置专门的未成年人减刑、假释程序;将免除前科报告纳入犯罪记录封存制度,并明确犯罪记录封存具有免除报告、禁止查询和消灭前科的三重法律效果;参照刑事强制医疗程序之立法模式,构建司法化的收容教养程序。

Perfection of the Judicial Treatment System of Juvenile Delinquents

The judicial treatment of juvenile delinquents in China is covered in a series of system designs,including the decriminalization of minor offence,non-punishment and lenient sentencing,the expansion of the application of non-custodial penalties,sealing criminal records,and exemption from previous reporting obligations,penalty substitution for minors under the age of criminal responsibility.Due to the generalization and looseness of relevant legislative provisions and lack of integrity and systematization,in practice,we still face many difficulties in the operation of the specific systems.It should adhere to the ideas of child welfare,national parental rights and restorative justice,clarify the evaluation criteria of delinquent behaviors based on circumstances,improve the decriminalization mechanism for minor crimes,improve the system of commutation and parole for minors,and set up special procedures for commutation and parole of minors.It should incorporate exemption reports into the criminal record sealing system,and clarify that the sealing criminal record system has the triple legal effect of exempting reports,prohibiting inquiries,and eliminating previous records.Referring to the legislative model of criminal compulsory medical procedures,the judicial treatment system of juvenile delinquents should construct a judicial system of the custody rehabilitation procedures.