动产担保物权的规则变革与法律适用

《民法典》动产担保物权为回应现实生活的需要,突破了传统民法的桎梏,但在外在体系和内在体系方面均对立法者提出了挑战。《民法典》这一领域的重要制度创新主要体现为:为未来动产物权担保统一登记制度预留了空间,尽可能统一了担保物权竞存时的受偿优序规则,缓和了流担保的刚性效力。在动产抵押领域,它新增价款债权抵押权并赋予其超级优先效力,并将"正常经营活动中的买受人"的适用范围从浮动抵押扩大到所有动产抵押。《民法典》虽承认所有权保留买卖、融资租赁等合同交易的担保功能,但并未统一其与动产担保物权的受偿优序规则,亦未规定让与担保,为法律解释和适用留下了巨大的空间,后《民法典》时代因而亟需理论界和实务界达成共识,以充分释放担保物权制度的改革红利。

The Rule Change and Legal Application of Movable Property Security Right

In response to real life needs,the movable property security right in the Civil Code breaks through the shackles of traditional civil law while bringing a challenge to the legislator on both the external system aspect and the internal system aspect.The important institutional innovations in this area of the Civil Code are mainly reflected.The Civil Code reserves a space for the unified registration system of future movable property security rights,unifies the priority order rule of repayment when competing for the security property,and alleviates the rigid effect of flow security.In the field of movable property mortgage,it adds a mortgage right to the price claims and gives it a priority effect.It also expand the application scope of"buyers in normal business activities"from floating mortgages to all movable property mortgages.Although the Civil Code admits that the ownership right can reserve the guarantee function of contract transactions such as trading and financial leasing,it fails to unify the priority order for repayment with movable property security rights.The Civil Code also fails to regulate the transferring security,leaving a blank space for judicial interpretation and application.In the post-Civil Code era,there is an urgent need for the theoretical and practical circles to reach a consensus to fully release the reform bonus of the security property system.