Leaving home in a stem family system: Departures of heirs and non-heirs in pre-industrial Japan |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Chest Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire UCL Namur, Université Catholique de Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium;2. Department of Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Medicine, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan;3. Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif;4. Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania;5. Upper Airways Research Laboratory, ENT Department, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium;6. iQ4U Consultants Ltd, London, UK;7. Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden;8. Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital and Imperial College (NHLI), London, UK;9. Department of Respiratory Diseases, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France;10. AP-HP, Occupational Health Department, Unité de pathologie professionnelle, University Hospital of West Suburb of Paris, Poincaré, Garches, and Versailles St-Quentin University, INSERM, Villejuif, France;11. Center for Health Technology and Services Research—CINTESIS, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto; and Allergy Unit, CUF Porto Instituto & Hospital, Porto, Portugal;12. Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland;13. Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium;14. Scientific Support Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire UCL Namur, Université Catholique de Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium;15. South Karelia Allergy and Environment Institute, Imatra, Finland;p. Pediatric Allergy and Asthma Unit, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey;q. Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore;r. Optimum Patient Care, Cambridge, UK;s. Academic Centre of Primary Care, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK;t. Department of Prevention of Environmental Hazards and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland;u. Allergy Department, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain;v. Ross School of Business, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich;w. Pneumology and Allergy Department Hospital Clínic, Clinical & Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain;x. Renmin University, Beijing, China;y. MACVIA-France, Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en France European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site, Montpellier, France;z. INSERM, VIMA: Ageing and chronic diseases Epidemiological and public health approaches, U1168, Paris, France;11. UVSQ, UMR-S 1168, Université Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Versailles, France;1. Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, University of Gävle, SE-801 76, Gävle, Sweden;2. Turku University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Business, Joukahaisenkatu 3, FI-20520, Turku, Finland;1. Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, The University of Melbourne, Australia;2. School of Economics, The University of Sydney, Australia;3. Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA);4. ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course, Australia;1. Welten Institute, Research Centre for Learning, Teaching and Technology, Open University of the Netherlands, The Netherlands;2. ROC van Twente, Regional College for Vocational Education and Training, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | To clarify the rules in a stem family, this study investigates the patterns of childrens' departures from home, using the 1870 household register of South-Tama, Musashi Province (4,787 individuals). Sons and daughters followed a schedule for home departures in their life course related to their sex and to sibling composition. Life-table analysis revealed that the ‘stayers’ were children without siblings, eldest sons, and eldest daughters with only sister; while the ‘leavers’ were younger sons with elder brothers and younger daughters. This pattern was present regardless of economic status, with some variation in the speed of leaving home among sons. The leavers in general left for various destinations via marriage, adoption, service, and work migration. Larger proportions of sons than daughters remained in the home village. Examination of the exceptions to the rule showed that they tended to be incapable of following the main pattern. Analysis of the timing of a child's departure in relation to the heir's marriage or to the birth of the heir's first child revealed that within the standard schedule, sons and daughters were retained or released for the advantage of the family. Sisters were replaced by in-marrying brides. Brothers were kept in the home until the next generation was secured. The departure of children, or heirs and non-heirs, can be a good variable for comparing the rules of family systems. |
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