实力政治与国家生存——马克斯·韦伯民族主义思想的政治解读

马克斯·韦伯的民族主义思想,一直受到许多思想家的关注,也引起了诸多的争论.本文试图把韦伯的民族主义思想与他对现代政治的理解结合起来分析.通过考察韦伯民族主义产生的思想背景和现实历史条件,笔者认为韦伯是一个政治上的民族主义者.在韦伯的思想视界里,处于现代世界体系中的民族国家充满了为了国家生存而展开的激烈政治斗争,实力政治是民族国家的必要基础,国家生存和大国梦想是民族国家最主要的政治诉求,也是韦伯民族主义思想的精髓与实质.韦伯正是以此来理解德国在世界政治中的现实处境和成为一个政治大国的希望的.

Realpolitik and National Survival--a Political Reading of Max Weber's Nationalism

Weber's thinking on nationalism has always drawn attention of many thinkers and aroused numerous debates. By examining the intellectual and historical context in which Weber made his contribution to nationalism, this essay attempts a comprehensive analysis of Weber's thinking on nationalism and his understanding of modern politics, and concludes that Weber is a political nationalist. In Weber's intellectual perspective, nation-states situated in the modern world system fight a fierce political battle for national survival. Power politics proves to be the necessary foundation for nation-states. National survival and the dream of being a great power are the most important political pursuits of nation-states. This is the key point of Weber's nationalism. It is also based on this perspective that Weber perceives Germany's contemporary circumstances and its desire to be a great power in world politics.