土生白人与拉美独立运动

在拉美国家历史上,土生白人上层是一个重要而独特的阶级,既是殖民地社会统治阶级的组成部分,又是拉美独立运动的"领导阶级",更是独立后拉美各共和国的统治阶级。本文通过对土生白人与拉美独立运动之间互动关系的考察,主要提出了以下几个观点:拉美"土生白人独立派"是独立运动的领导者,因为土生白人中既有独立派,也有观望派和保王派,而独立派中也有激进与保守之分;拉美独立运动是"一场没有社会革命的政治革命",独立运动的领导者当时不仅提出了一系列关于社会革命的政策主张,而且也采取了一些落实措施,只不过因遭到保守势力的抵制与反对而最终成效甚微;拉美独立运动的胜利并未完成社会革命的任务,而在更大程度上,土生白人统治阶级把新生的共和国政权继续作为阶级与种族压迫的工具,把维护本阶级的利益与实现民族解放对立起来,使殖民地时期的许多前资本主义制度长期延续下来,从而既无助于民族国家的建设,也阻碍了资本主义的发展。

Criollos and the Independence Movement in Latin America

Criollos were Spaniards born in Latin America who were closely related the Spanish ruling bloc.They played a leading role during the independence revolution in the region.Among Criollos there were sharp contradictions and even conflicts between the radical and the conservative.Restricted by those contradictions,independence didn't result in any corresponding shift in social relations,nor did it result in the abolition of slavery.Criollos seized the ruling power in those newly founded republics and then foll...