基质金属蛋白酶3研究进展及其法医学意义

基质金属蛋白酶3是基质金属蛋白酶家族的重要成员,能够降解多种细胞外基质成分,参与组织形态发生、损伤修复、炎症反应等一系列生理、病理过程,并在风湿性关节炎、动脉粥样硬化、乳腺癌等疾病和肿瘤的发生及进展中发挥重要作用。新近的研究表明基质金属蛋白酶3可能是凋亡神经元与小胶质细胞间一种重要的信号传导分子,它通过激活小胶质细胞加剧阿耳茨海默病、帕金森病中神经元变性。此外基质金属蛋白酶3基因启动子区域5A/6A多态性与心肌梗死的发生风险相关,且血浆中基质金属蛋白酶3的浓度在心肌梗死前后存在差异,有望成为法医学鉴定中诊断心肌梗死的辅助指标。脑损伤后基质金属蛋白酶3的表达发生改变,提示其在神经组织修复、突触发生过程中具有重要作用,阐明脑损伤后基质金属蛋白酶3表达变化规律,可能提供一种推断脑损伤时间的新指标。

Advancement of study on matrix metalloproteinase 3 and significance of its application in forensic medicine

Matrix metalloproteinase 3 is one of matrix metalloproteinase family members, which degrades a wide range of components of the extracellular matrix and participates in tissue morphogenesis, wound healing and inflammation. In addition, matrix metalloproteinase 3 is involved in pathogenesis and progress of a spectrum of diseases and malignant tumors, such as rheumatic arthritis, arteriosclerosis, breast cancer, and so on. Recent studies have demonstrated that matrix metalloproteinase 3 may be a novel signaling proteinase from apoptotic neuronal cells to microglia, which results in degeneration of neurons in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease by activating microglia. There is also an association between genetic polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinase 3 at promoter region 5A/6A and susceptibility of myocardial infarction. Decrease in serum concentration of matrix metalloproteinase 3 after myocardial infarction may be a useful parameter for diagnosing sudden death due to myocardial infarction in forensic practice. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase 3 varies with different types of brain injuries, suggesting that it may contribute to synaptic plasticity during functional recovery. To elucidate the time-dependent expression of matrix metalloproteinase 3 may provide a new way for wound age determination in the brain.