“过家人难”:农村青年的婚姻风险化与个体策略困境——基于豫西南D县的调查研究

"过家人"是豫西南D县农村青年以建立、维系和发展父系家庭为核心的生活理想,包括"成个家""过日子""成为一家人"三个基本维度。通过择偶成家、婚姻维持、理解认同三个层面的考察发现,"过家人难"背后的婚姻风险化产生于乡村社会的转型。既有的传统婚姻策略失效,个人被释放的利益和情感追求因缺乏社会支持条件而变成新的风险源。婚姻不稳定的风险情境推动了婚姻策略的个体化倾向,但强调个体化的利益保护策略并不能成功实现"过家人"。从择偶、持家到维系,"过家人难"不仅体现在确定可靠人生道路的消解,也体现在对个体资源、智识和能力的高度依赖,还体现了女性身陷多元角色矛盾的困境。

Difficulties of Being“Guo Jiaren”:Marital Risks and the Dilemma of Individual Strategies among Rural Youth:Research in the D County of Southwest Henan Province

The discourse of being Guo Jiaren has three dimensions,namely,to form a family,live a family life,and become a family,all which reflect a life style and ideology in the centre of Patrilineal family building and development that are popular in the D County of Southwest Henan.Based on an investigation of how people select spouses,maintain marriages and build family identity,this study has found that there are Difficulties of being Guo Jiaren as marital risks increase with the transformation of rural society.While traditional marital strategies lose efficacy,personal interests and emotional pursuits without adequate social support become a new source of risks.The unstable situations of marriage risks encourage individuals to adopt marriage strategies of their own.However,strategies with an emphasis on the protection of individual interests cannot help achieve the successes of being Guo Jiaren.From the selection of spouses,through the management to the maintenance of marriage,the difficulties of being Guo Jiaren are reflected in not only the dissolution of one’s reliable life path,but also one’s high dependence on individual resources,wisdom and ability.For women,it also reflects the dilemma of multiple conflicting roles.