城乡发展差距的人力资本解释

人力资本在城市和农村具有不同的溢出效应,农村人力资本具有强烈的外溢性特征,而城市人力资本则具有强烈的内溢性特征。长期以来,农村人力资本对城市经济发展形成了强有力的支持,而城市人力资本则形不成对农村的支持。建国以来城乡之间在人力资本投入及形成后的人力资本作用的发挥上,都存在着城市对农村的“剥夺”,而且这种剥夺远远超过了人们常常提到的以往和正在进行的对农民利益的三次“剥夺”。我们认为,政府在着手解决农村、农业和农民问题时,应该从根本上即从人力资本投资及完善农村人力资本运行环境上入手,使农村人力资本能够对农村经济发展发挥很好的作用,并在一定程度上吸引城市人力资本,只有这样才能真正缩小城乡收入差距。

Human Capital:An Interpretation of the Gap between Urban and Rural Development

Human capital shows different overflow effects in urban and rural areas. With rural human capital, it has distinct characteristics of outward overflow, while the urban human capital has striking characteristics of inward overflow. Over a long period of time, the rural human capital has constituted a vigorous support for the urban economic development, whereas the urban capital has failed to make the similar contributions. Since the founding of the PRC, whether in terms of the human capital invested in the urban and rural areas or in terms of the effectiveness of this kind of investment, the " deprivation" of the rural by the urban has never ceased. Furthermore , this kind of " deprivation" has far surpassed the three frequently cited " deprivations" taking place in the past and at present. We maintain that in dealing with the problems of the countryside, the farming and the peasants, the government should proceed from the human capital investment to improve the rural environment for the functioning of the human capital, and give full play to the rural human capital in the economic development of the rural area. Besides, efforts should be made to introduce urban human capital to the rural areas. Only by doing so can the income gap between the urban and rural areas be effectively reduced.