新华侨华人的职业结构及其影响因素——美国与加拿大的比较

本文用人口社会学理论分析了美国和加拿大新华侨华人的职业结构及影响因素.文章认为,20世纪70年代后进入美国和加拿大的华人应被视为新华侨华人.目前,海外华侨华人大约3500万,美国华人有330万,加拿大华裔有120万.美国和加拿大新增加的华人人口中,新华侨华人约占2/3.加拿大的新华侨华人主要集中在大城市,其中70%以上集中在多伦多、温哥华.19世纪至20世纪60年代美国华人移民基本上集中在西海岸地区,从1970年开始,华人集中而居的状况开始发生变化,区域分散化趋势日渐明显.美国和加拿大新华侨华人的职业结构总体上发生了巨大的变化,即由体力型向智力型转变,新华侨华人的经济地位也随之提高了很多.但是,新华侨华人中贫富差别严重.影响新华侨华人职业结构的因素有:美、加、中三国移民政策的调整放宽了对移民出入境的限制;华人人口结构发生的变化影响了其职业结构;知识结构的变化和劳动力市场也对新华侨华人职业结构产生了不可忽视的影响.

The Occupational Structure of New Chinese Immigrants and the Influencing Factors:——A Comparison Of the Case in the U.S. And in Canada

The paper analyzes the occupational structure of new Chinese immigrants and the influencing factors in accordance with the theory of the Population Sociology.In this paper,the Chinese who entered into the U.S.and Canada in 1970s are regarded as the new immigrants.Generally,great changes have taken place in occupational structure of new Chinese immigrants in the U.S.and Canada since 1970s,that is,from physical type to intelligent type.Correspondingly,new Chinese immigrants' economic position increased as well,though the differences of the poor and the rich are serious.The influencing factors of the occupational structure of new Chinese immigrants include: relaxed restrictions on immigration and emigration for the adjustment of immigration policies of the U.S.,Canada and China;the change of the population structure;the change of the intellectual structure and labor market.