论犯罪未遂的处罚根据

在现代各国刑事立法和刑法理论中，犯罪未遂的情形应予处罚已经成为一项公认的原则。但对犯罪未遂的处罚根据却存在诸多争论。客观主义强调行为产生法益侵害的客观危险性，主观主义则基于社会防卫而强调行为人的性格危险性。犯罪未遂的处罚根据与犯罪的本质及其基本特征、国家的法理念与价值选择、社会正义的评判等因素紧密相关。它应当包括实质的处罚根据与形式的处罚根据，二者的紧密结合较好地说明了犯罪未遂的处罚根据。其中，前者核心在于行为人主观恶性与行为的客观危害性的统一，即犯罪未遂的社会危害性。

On the Punishment Basis of Attempted Crime

It's a publicly admitted principle that attempted crimes should be punished in the criminal legislations and theories of different countries,but there are a lot of controversy about its punishment basis.Objectivism stresses that behavior results in objective danger of violating legal interests,while subjectivism emphasizes the character hazard of actor based on social defense.The basis of punishment of attempted crimes has a close relation with such factors as the nature and basic characterisitics of crime,...