关于被害人过错的法理探析

目前定义被害人过错多借用犯罪学的成果,正确的做法是定义刑法学意义上的被害人过错要考虑以下两点:其一,必须考虑刑法中确立被害人过错的实质意义;其二,必须考虑刑法学意义上的被害人过错同犯罪学意义上的被害人过错的区别。在现行刑法理论框架之下,被害人过错对刑事责任影响情形大体可以分为三类:1.通过超过和阻断因果关系而实现;2.通过被害人过错对行为人行为的违法性减弱来实现;3.通过被害人过错责任对行为人行为责任的抵消。被害人过错同样具有主客观相统一的特征,其基本构造也必须从主客观两个方面进行分析。

A Legal Discussion on Victim's Fault

At present,defining the victim's fault usually relies on the achievements of criminology.As for the concept of victim's fault,the following two points must be taken into account: one is the meaning of essence of establishing victim's fault in criminal law,the other is the difference of victim's fault between jurisprudence and criminology.In the current theoretical framework of criminal law,influences on criminal responsibility by victim's fault can be mainly classified into three types: the first one is realized through surpassing or blocking the cause-effect relationship;the second one is realized through weakening the illegality of the victim's fault to the behaviors;the third one is realized through offsetting the responsibility of the victims and behaviors.The victim's fault is of subjective and objective characteristics,and its basic structure should also be analyzed from subjective and objective respects.