生产事故伤487例分析

创伤是现代社会的一个突出问题，并已成为人口死亡的主要原因之一。生产事故同交通事故一样危害极大，严重威胁人类的生命安全。本文就近年来阳泉地区生产事故伤４８７例进行统计分析，结果提示：（１）生产事故死亡高危人群呈“四多”特征：男性多（男女之比为８０：１）；青壮年多（７４．９％）；农协工、临时工多（８５．０％）；外地人多（６１．６％）。（２）生产事故作业环境有“四高”现象；县乡村办企业发生率高（８５．４％）；煤炭建材部门发生率高（８８．３％），冒顶爆炸等事故发生率高（８６．４％）；并下高空事故发生率高（７２．５％）。（３）时间因素以７－９月份、每月下旬，每天８－１０时和１６－１８时是高发。（４）ＣＯ中毒、缺氧窒息、挤压是生产事故致伤人体的主要方式（８２．１％）。（５）机械性损伤多，损伤复杂。（６）颅脑损伤、ＣＯ中毒、创伤性窒息、失血性休克、多系统器官功能衰竭构成生产事故的五大死因。同时作者建议：加强生产事故伤的流行病学研究；加强生产安全管理；加强创伤初期急救系统建立。

Analysis of 487 cases injured by production accidents

Trauma has been one of the major problems in the modern society, and become to be one of the main causes of deaths of the population. Injuries of production accidents have thereatened seriously the living security of the human being as traffic ones. In this paper, the results showed that: (1)In all the cases, there was a high-risk group including four characteristics: the ratio between the males and females being 80: 1, young adults accounting for 74.9%, agricultural and casual workers 85. 0%, nonlocal laboreres 61. 6%. (2)There were four-high features in working environments as follows, country and town and village enterprises holding 85. 4%, mining and building professions 88. 3%, roof falling and explosion accidents and so on 86. 4%, underpit and high-altitued operations 72. 5%. (3) There were three time peaks per year from July to Serptember, per month the last ten-day period, per day from 8 to 10 o'clock. (4) Poundding, explosion, burying, carbon monoxide poisoning, hypoxic asphyxia, and crushing was 82. 1%and consisted the chief manner of production truamas. (5)The kinds of injuries were rather more. (6)The five major causes of death were made up of craniocerebral injury, carbon monoxide poisoning,traumatic asphyxia, hemorrhagic shock, and multiple system organ failure. Therefore,the author suggested that the epidemiological reserach of accident injuries, safety management of productions, and setting up emergency treatment system of initial traumas should be reinforced.