论资格水权与实时水权的界定与中国水权建设

水权建设的目的在于发挥市场机制在水资源配置中的基础作用，市场配置的前提在于明晰的产权和交易的稳定预期，仇水资源所具有的时空分布小均衡地理属性，却为这一前提的实现带来了客观障碍。资格水权与实时水权的提出目的就在于解决这一问题。资格水权具有期待权性质，实时水权具有既得权性质。中国已发生的水权交易的案例，也印证了资格水权和实时水权概念的提出和性质界定对深化中国水权建设具有指导意义。

On the concept of Long-term Water Rights and Short-term Water Rights

The purpose for defining water rights is to give the basic role of market mechanism a full play in allocation of water resource. The premise of market mechanism lies in both distinct definition on property rights and stable transaction expectancy, while the nature of water resource, which features uneven distribution in time and space, is the obstacle of the above - mentioned premise. The concept of Long - term Water Rights and Short - term Water Rights is designed to tackle the obstacle and the cases of water resource trading in China also demonstrate the significance of the concept.