民事主体与民事诉讼主体有限分离论之反思

对民事主体与民事诉讼主体的关系,我国现今学界主流持有限分离论。此论是对现行法律的误读及对两主体关系应然与实然的混淆。实体法与程序法在主体制度上的失衡,已成为两法共同有效地实现保障权利、解决民事纠纷、维护社会经济秩序等民事诉讼目的的巨大障碍。自然人、法人、非法人团体的"三元"民事主体结构,应成为我国民事立法关于民事主体结构构建的基本结构。民事主体与民事诉讼主体,应当是内涵有别但外延一致的关系。

Reconsideration of the Finite Separation of the Persona in Civil Affairs and the Persona in Civil Proceedings

In regard to the persona in civil affairs and the persona in civil proceedings, the academic mainstream in China holds a "finite separation" doctrine, which, in this author’s opinion, indicates a misunderstanding and confusion of "the should-be state" and the "actual state" of the two personas. The fact that the substantive law and the adjective law differ in persona has proved an immense obstacle to effective protection of rights, resolution of civil disputes and maintenance of social economic order. A "ternary-persona structure" including natural person, juristic person and unincorporated society should be deemed as the fundamental structure of the subject of a civil legal relationship in China’s civil law. The persona in civil affairs and the persona in civil proceedings are in fact different in connotation but similar in extension.