社会权概念界定之批判与重塑

当前学界对社会权概念的界定,主要存在"内涵—价值分析"、"外延—规范分析"两种路径。虽然以上分析具有逻辑上的内在关联,但它们都没有完整揭示出社会权概念的本质特征。社会权作为一项基本人权,主要立基于对尊严与平等以及社会经济领域公民适当生活水准的价值追求。国家义务作为界定社会权内涵的重要工具性指标,其分别涵括尊重、保护和给付三种义务类型,但在逻辑上,尊重和保护义务只是给付义务的逻辑衍生。在外延上,社会权并非意指《经济、社会及文化权利国际公约》所规定的各项经济、社会和文化权利。受国情因素制约,各国宪法对于社会权的规定并非整齐划一。我国宪法层面上的社会权主要包括适当生活水准权、劳动权、获得物质帮助权以及受教育权等。

Critics and Reconstruction of Defining the Concept of Social Rights

There are two paths in current academia to define the concept of social rights：the＂connotation-value analysis＂and＂extension-normative analysis＂.Those analyses have logic relation,but neither has completely revealed the essence of the concept of social rights.The social rights were born as basic human rights and mainly based on dignity,equality,and citizens＇value pursuit of a proper living standard in the socioeconomic field.The State＇s duty is an important instrumental index to define the connotation of social rights,including the duty to respect,to protect and to grant benefits.The former two duties are of logical derivatives of the third duty.From the extension perspective,social rights don＇t mean various economic,social and cultural rights stipulated in the International Covenant on Economic,Social and Cultural Rights.Subject to national factors,different countries stipulate social rights differently in their constitutions.Social rights stipulated on the Constitution level in China include the right of a proper living standard,labor rights,the right to get access to material help and the education right.